在CentOS7上安装ZFS

ZFS是Linux上非常流行的文件系统。它是一个128位的文件系统。这意味着ZFS可以变得非常大。它支持逻辑卷，raid，快照和许多其他高级文件系统功能。但让ZFS在CentOS 7上运行并不是那么简单。在本文中，我将向您展示如何在CentOS 7.4上安装和执行ZFS的基本配置。

安装ZFS文件系统

在CentOS 7上默认不启用ZFS文件系统支持，而且ZFS在CentOS 7的官方软件包存储库中是不可用，必须从ZFS的官方软件包存储库中安装它。可以查看这里了解更多详情。

首先检查一下CentOS 7的版本：

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[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

然后使用一下命令添加ZFS的官方存储库：

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yum install http://download.zfsonlinux.org/epel/zfs-release.el7_4.noarch.rpm

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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
zfs-release.el7_4.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                  | 5.2 kB  00:00:00     
Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-YssJaZ/zfs-release.el7_4.noarch.rpm: zfs-release-1-5.el7_4.noarch
Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-YssJaZ/zfs-release.el7_4.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zfs-release.noarch 0:1-5.el7_4 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                      Arch                                    Version                                       Repository                                                  Size
=====================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 zfs-release                                  noarch                                  1-5.el7_4                                     /zfs-release.el7_4.noarch                                  2.9 k

Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 2.9 k
Installed size: 2.9 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]:
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : zfs-release-1-5.el7_4.noarch                                                                                                                                                      1/1 
  Verifying  : zfs-release-1-5.el7_4.noarch                                                                                                                                                      1/1 

Installed:
  zfs-release.noarch 0:1-5.el7_4                                                                                                                                                                     

Complete!

ZFS模块可以通过两种方式加载到内核，DKMS和kABI。它们之间的区别在于，如果您安装基于DKMS的ZFS模块，然后由于某种原因更新了操作系统的内核，则必须再次重新编译ZFS内核模块。否则它将无法工作。但是基于kABI的ZFS模块的优势在于，如果更新操作系统的内核，则不需要重新编译。

在本文中，我将安装基于DKMS的ZFS内核模块（由于安装基于kABI时报错，google未果，因此放弃此安装方式）。

在CentOS 7上安装ZFS存储库时，默认情况下会启用基于DKMS的存储库。

DKMS安装方式需要先安装dkms

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yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                      |  15 kB  00:00:00     
Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-YssJaZ/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm: epel-release-7-11.noarch
Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-YssJaZ/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                             Arch                          Version                        Repository                                            Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 epel-release                        noarch                        7-11                           /epel-release-latest-7.noarch                         24 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 24 k
Installed size: 24 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch                                                                                                                  1/1 
  Verifying  : epel-release-7-11.noarch                                                                                                                  1/1 

Installed:
  epel-release.noarch 0:7-11                                                                                                                                 

Complete!

安装dkms：

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yum install dkms

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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                                                                                                                                  | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                                  | 8.9 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                                                                                  | 3.2 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-connectors-community                                                                                                            | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-tools-community                                                                                                                 | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
mysql56-community                                                                                                                     | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                               | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
(1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                           |  88 kB  00:00:00     
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                         | 948 kB  00:00:00     
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary                                                                                                            | 3.6 MB  00:00:01     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
epel                                                                                                                                             12723/12723
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dkms.noarch 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel for package: dkms-2.6.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.170-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf(x86-64) = 0.170-4.el7 for package: elfutils-libelf-devel-0.170-4.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.168-8.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf(x86-64) = 0.168-8.el7 for package: elfutils-libs-0.168-8.el7.x86_64
---> Package elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.170-4.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.168-8.el7 will be updated
---> Package elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.170-4.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                         Arch                             Version                               Repository                      Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 dkms                                            noarch                           2.6.1-1.el7                           epel                            75 k
Installing for dependencies:
 elfutils-libelf-devel                           x86_64                           0.170-4.el7                           base                            38 k
Updating for dependencies:
 elfutils-libelf                                 x86_64                           0.170-4.el7                           base                           195 k
 elfutils-libs                                   x86_64                           0.170-4.el7                           base                           267 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package  (+1 Dependent package)
Upgrade             ( 2 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 575 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/4): elfutils-libelf-devel-0.170-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                   |  38 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): elfutils-libelf-0.170-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                         | 195 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): elfutils-libs-0.170-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           | 267 kB  00:00:00     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/dkms-2.6.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEYB/s | 500 kB  --:--:-- ETA 
Public key for dkms-2.6.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed
(4/4): dkms-2.6.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                    |  75 kB  00:00:00     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                        814 kB/s | 575 kB  00:00:00     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5:
 Userid     : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>"
 Fingerprint: 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5
 Package    : epel-release-7-11.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : elfutils-libelf-0.170-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        1/6 
  Installing : elfutils-libelf-devel-0.170-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  2/6 
  Installing : dkms-2.6.1-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                   3/6 
  Updating   : elfutils-libs-0.170-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          4/6 
  Cleanup    : elfutils-libs-0.168-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          5/6 
  Cleanup    : elfutils-libelf-0.168-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        6/6 
  Verifying  : dkms-2.6.1-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                   1/6 
  Verifying  : elfutils-libs-0.170-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          2/6 
  Verifying  : elfutils-libelf-devel-0.170-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  3/6 
  Verifying  : elfutils-libelf-0.170-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        4/6 
  Verifying  : elfutils-libs-0.168-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          5/6 
  Verifying  : elfutils-libelf-0.168-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        6/6 

Installed:
  dkms.noarch 0:2.6.1-1.el7                                                                                                                                  

Dependency Installed:
  elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.170-4.el7                                                                                                                 

Dependency Updated:
  elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.170-4.el7                                           elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.170-4.el7                                          

Complete!

安装ZFS：

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yum install zfs

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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zfs.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: zfs-kmod = 0.7.11 for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: spl = 0.7.11 for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libzpool2 = 0.7.11 for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libzfs2 = 0.7.11 for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libuutil1 = 0.7.11 for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnvpair1 = 0.7.11 for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libzpool.so.2()(64bit) for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libzfs_core.so.1()(64bit) for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libzfs.so.2()(64bit) for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libuutil.so.1()(64bit) for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnvpair.so.1()(64bit) for package: zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libnvpair1.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
---> Package libuutil1.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
---> Package libzfs2.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
---> Package libzpool2.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
---> Package spl.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: spl-kmod = 0.7.11 for package: spl-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64
---> Package zfs-dkms.noarch 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package spl-dkms.noarch 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                Arch                               Version                                     Repository                       Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 zfs                                    x86_64                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                             414 k
Installing for dependencies:
 libnvpair1                             x86_64                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                              31 k
 libuutil1                              x86_64                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                              36 k
 libzfs2                                x86_64                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                             131 k
 libzpool2                              x86_64                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                             594 k
 spl                                    x86_64                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                              29 k
 spl-dkms                               noarch                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                             457 k
 zfs-dkms                               noarch                             0.7.11-1.el7_4                              zfs                             4.9 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+7 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 6.5 M
Installed size: 30 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/8): libuutil1-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                            |  36 kB  00:00:02     
(2/8): libnvpair1-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           |  31 kB  00:00:02     
(3/8): libzfs2-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                              | 131 kB  00:00:00     
(4/8): spl-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  |  29 kB  00:00:00     
(5/8): spl-dkms-0.7.11-1.el7_4.noarch.rpm                                                                                             | 457 kB  00:00:00     
(6/8): zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  | 414 kB  00:00:00     
(7/8): zfs-dkms-0.7.11-1.el7_4.noarch.rpm                                                                                             | 4.9 MB  00:00:02     
(8/8): libzpool2-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                            | 594 kB  00:00:25     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                        238 kB/s | 6.5 MB  00:00:28     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : libuutil1-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                           1/8 
  Installing : libnvpair1-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                          2/8 
  Installing : libzpool2-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                           3/8 
  Installing : spl-dkms-0.7.11-1.el7_4.noarch                                                                                                            4/8 
Loading new spl-0.7.11 DKMS files...
Building for 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Building initial module for 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Done.

spl.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/

splat.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/
Adding any weak-modules

depmod....

DKMS: install completed.
  Installing : zfs-dkms-0.7.11-1.el7_4.noarch                                                                                                            5/8 
Loading new zfs-0.7.11 DKMS files...
Building for 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Building initial module for 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Done.

zavl.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/

znvpair.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/

zunicode.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/

zcommon.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/

zfs.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/

zpios.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/

icp.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/extra/
Adding any weak-modules

depmod....

DKMS: install completed.
  Installing : spl-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                                 6/8 
  Installing : libzfs2-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                             7/8 
  Installing : zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                                 8/8 
  Verifying  : zfs-dkms-0.7.11-1.el7_4.noarch                                                                                                            1/8 
  Verifying  : spl-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                                 2/8 
  Verifying  : zfs-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                                 3/8 
  Verifying  : libzfs2-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                             4/8 
  Verifying  : spl-dkms-0.7.11-1.el7_4.noarch                                                                                                            5/8 
  Verifying  : libnvpair1-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                          6/8 
  Verifying  : libzpool2-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                           7/8 
  Verifying  : libuutil1-0.7.11-1.el7_4.x86_64                                                                                                           8/8 

Installed:
  zfs.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4                                                                                                                                

Dependency Installed:
  libnvpair1.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4      libuutil1.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4      libzfs2.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4       libzpool2.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4     
  spl.x86_64 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4             spl-dkms.noarch 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4       zfs-dkms.noarch 0:0.7.11-1.el7_4     

Complete!

重启系统：

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reboot

重启完毕，检查是否已加载ZFS内核模块：

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lsmod | grep zfs

如果没有任何输出，则ZFS内核没有加载，需要手工加载：

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modprobe zfs

此时再次检查是否已加载ZFS：

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[root@localhost ~]# lsmod | grep zfs
zfs                  3560372  0 
zunicode              331170  1 zfs
zavl                   15236  1 zfs
icp                   270148  1 zfs
zcommon                73440  1 zfs
znvpair                89131  2 zfs,zcommon
spl                   102369  4 icp,zfs,zcommon,znvpair

ZFS基本配置

现在需要一个可用磁盘驱动器或分区来配置ZFS，检查已有的磁盘：

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[root@localhost data]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   30G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   29G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   27G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0   50G  0 disk 
sdc               8:32   0   50G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

现在我又sdb和sdc磁盘可用，每个都是50GB大小，我将使用sdb来创建ZFS。

现在必须创建一个ZFSchi。可以将ZFS池命名为任何名称。将会在根目录下创建同名的目录。

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zpool create zfsdata /dev/sdb

创建完毕后，查看系统可用的ZFS池：

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[root@localhost data]# zpool list
NAME      SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP  HEALTH  ALTROOT
zfsdata  49.8G   106K  49.7G         -     0%     0%  1.00x  ONLINE  -

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[root@localhost data]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   27G   21G  6.5G  77% /
devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    1.9G   52K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    1.9G  8.7M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  142M  872M  15% /boot
.host:/                  300G   97G  204G  33% /mnt/hgfs
tmpfs                    378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs                    378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
zfsdata                   49G     0   49G   0% /zfsdata

至此，ZFS基本安装完成，后续可以快乐的使用ZFS这个文件系统了。